The full FRRO process for foreign nationals, what triggers it, the exact deadline, the documents, the portal, and the penalties that are now criminal. We file it for you; this is so you understand every step.
As a general rule, rule 12 of the Immigration & Foreigners Rules, 2025 asks you to register within 14 days of arrival.
The e-FRRO portal's own overstay penalty now starts at ₹10,000 for up to 30 days and reaches ₹2 lakh and more past a year.
Your IKAN consultant files the whole thing for you; this is so you understand every step and never get caught out.
If you are staying in India for the long term, the law expects you to register your presence with the Foreigners Regional Registration Office (FRRO) and hold a Residential Permit, also called a Certificate of Registration. It sounds bureaucratic, and it can be, but the logic is simple: India wants a record of where long-staying foreign nationals live. This guide is the full version of that process, exactly what triggers it, the precise deadline (which now depends on your visa sticker, not a single blanket date), the documents the FRRO actually asks for, the e-FRRO portal you file on, and the penalties, which, as of 2025, are now criminal, not a small fee. Your IKAN consultant files the whole thing for you; this is so you understand every step and never get caught out.
14 days
To register on a visa valid over 180 days
e-FRRO
Faceless, cashless online portal
Free
Registration normally, the late penalty is the cost
2025 Act
Immigration & Foreigners Act, in force
Do this first
Before anything else, complete your e-Arrival Card, required of all foreign nationals (and OCI cardholders) arriving in India since 1 October 2025, filed online within 72 hours before you land. It is a separate, earlier step that comes before FRRO. Then make sure you have a working Indian SIM and email, you will need both to create your e-FRRO account. Note that international eSIM apps like Airalo and Holafly were removed from the Indian app stores in January 2024 and their sites are blocked locally, so set one up before you land, or, better for a relocation, get a physical Indian SIM (Jio, Airtel or Vi) on passport, visa and a local address (see Staying Connected). Finally, read your visa sticker: it states your exact registration requirement, and IKAN confirms it for you.
Part A · Does this apply to you, and by when
01
The trigger
Who must register · and the deadline
Not every visitor registers. Registration is for long-stay foreign nationals and for certain visa classes that carry a registration endorsement. The single most important thing to understand is that there is no one blanket deadline, your visa sticker states your exact requirement, and getting it wrong is now a criminal matter, so this is the part to be most careful about.
Your visa sticker states your exact requirement, IKAN confirms it. As a general rule, rule 12 of the Immigration & Foreigners Rules, 2025 asks you to register within 14 days of arrival. That covers every visa valid for more than 180 days, which is why employment, dependant, student, research, medical and missionary visas carry the 14-day endorsement. The exception is a visa of 180 days or less, or a multi-entry visa that caps each stay at 180 days (most business and tourist visas): you register only if you will stay past 180 days, in one stay or in total in a calendar year. The Immigration & Foreigners (Amendment) Rules, 2026 (notified 1 June 2026) changed that case: you must now register before day 180, the old 14-day grace period after day 180 is gone, and a stay past it is allowed only in "emergent circumstances." The amendment did not change the 14-day rule. Do not assume; we read your sticker and tell you the exact date.
Two common situations
If your visa is…
Then you typically…
Any visa valid for more than 180 days (Employment / Dependant / Student / Medical / Research / Missionary)
Register within 14 days of arrival; the sticker usually says so.
A visa of 180 days or less, or a Tourist or Business visa that caps each stay at 180 days
No registration, unless you will stay past 180 days in one stay or in a calendar year; then register before day 180.
A child under 12, or an OCI cardholder
No registration needed.
Terminology, plainly. What you receive is a Residential Permit (Certificate of Registration).Aadhaar is optional for this process, you do not need an Aadhaar number to register. And the registration itself is generally free; the only real cost arises if you file late, which is now serious (see below).
Where you register is your city. FRRO and FRO offices operate in major cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Amritsar, among others, and your jurisdiction is the city where you live. You file with the office for your place of stay, which is why the exact document list varies a little from city to city. We handle the right office for you.
Part B · The law has changed
02
The legal framework
The Immigration & Foreigners Act, 2025
If you have read an older guide, you may have seen the Foreigners Act 1946, the Registration of Foreigners Act 1939, the Passport (Entry into India) Act 1920, and the Immigration (Carriers' Liability) Act, 2000 cited. All four are now repealed. They have been replaced by a single consolidated law, the Immigration & Foreigners Act, 2025, in force from 1 September 2025. This matters because the new Act changed the penalties dramatically.
Non-registration and overstay are now criminal, this is the headline change. Under section 23 of the Immigration & Foreigners Act 2025, overstaying or breaking the registration rules can carry up to 3 years of imprisonment, a fine of up to ₹3,00,000, or both, and it can count against future visas. The e-FRRO portal's own overstay penalty now starts at ₹10,000 for up to 30 days and reaches ₹2 lakh and more past a year. Any old "USD 30 to 300 penalty" figure is obsolete, disregard it entirely. This is exactly why we file your registration on time, every time.₹10,000 for up to 30 days
Part C · How you actually file it
03
The platform
File on e-FRRO · online, end to end
All registration now happens on the e-FRRO portal, a faceless, cashless, paperless system launched under Digital India. You create an e-FRRO User ID, file the application, upload documents, and receive your certificate by email, or download it from the portal. You do not normally need to visit an office unless you are called for biometrics or an interview. The same portal handles visa extensions, visa conversion, address changes and exit permits, and hosts file Form C through it too. An Exit Permit (Exit Clearance) is a separate, case-specific document, needed only in situations such as an overstay, a lost passport, a gap in valid visa, or a pending case, not a routine step on the way out. The 2025 Act does let the authorities restrict departure in specific cases (Sec 3(2)/7), which is exactly why staying compliant matters.
You need a working Indian SIM and email to even start. Creating your e-FRRO User ID requires verification by an Indian mobile number and an email address. International eSIM apps like Airalo and Holafly were pulled from the Indian app stores in January 2024 and their sites are blocked locally, so either set one up before you land or, better, carry a working physical Indian SIM (Jio, Airtel or Vi); sort your connectivity before you try to register.
04
Step by step
The e-FRRO registration process
1
Complete your e-Arrival Card firstRequired since 1 October 2025 for every foreign arrival, including OCI holders, and filed within 72 hours before you land. It is a separate, earlier step, done before you touch the FRRO portal.
2
Create your e-FRRO User IDOn indianfrro.gov.in, register the principal applicant (the primary visa holder). A working Indian mobile number and email are essential for verification.
3
Fill the registration application, one per personComplete a separate application for each applicant, including every dependant. Enter your details exactly as they appear in your passport to avoid a mismatch.
4
Upload your documentsPassport, your Indian visa, the India arrival stamp page, proof of residence, a white-background passport photo, and any employer or sponsor letters. The full checklist is in the table below.
5
Submit Form C (your residential details)Form C reports where you are staying. If you are in a hotel or serviced apartment, the property files it; in a rented home, it goes with your lease agreement.
6
Attend biometrics or an interview, if calledYou may be asked to visit the FRRO for a biometric appointment or short interview. Bring your originals. We brief you on what to expect and the logistics so it is painless.
7
Receive your Residential PermitThe Certificate of Registration arrives by email, and you can download it from the portal, usually within 1 week and up to 3 weeks depending on the local FRRO. Save it, it is a key Indian address proof.
Stay in India while your application is being processed. From the moment you file until your certificate is granted, we advise you to remain physically present in India, as leaving mid-process can hold up or derail the application. Plan any trips around this window, and tell us your dates so we time the filing well.
Expect the odd portal hiccup. The e-FRRO portal can suffer server delays and technical snags, save your application as you go and keep screenshots of every submission and reference number, so nothing is lost if a page times out.
05
What to upload
The document checklist
The list below is what an employment or dependant applicant typically needs. Requirements vary by visa category and by local FRRO jurisdiction, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru each ask for a few extras, so treat this as the core set and let us confirm the exact list for your city.
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Document
The detail that trips people up
Passport + Indian visa
Clear copies of the photo, address and visa pages, plus your India arrival stamp page.
Employment contract
A copy of your employment contract, the FRRO asks for it alongside the employer letters for employment-visa applicants.
Proof of residence
Lease agreement + Form C for a rented home; a stay-confirmation letter + Form C for a hotel or serviced apartment.
Passport-sized photo
Recent, in colour, on a plain white background.
Employer / sponsor letters
Cover and undertaking letters, a salary declaration covering both monthly and annual figures, and an experience certificate. Some FRROs ask for extras, which we confirm for your city.
Company documents
Certificate of incorporation and ID + address proof of the authorised signatory. Aadhaar is optional for you, the applicant.
For dependants
Marriage certificate for a spouse; a birth certificate for each child.
Your Residential Permit is ID
The Certificate of Registration is a recognised Indian address proof, keep a copy in your document kit the moment it arrives, for banking and beyond.
One application per person
Each family member files their own application under the principal applicant's User ID, including children. Missing a dependant is a common slip.
Form C is your host's job
Form C is the accommodation report your landlord or hotel files about your stay. It feeds your registration but is not something you hold as ID.
Registration is normally free
Registration normally carries no fee; the portal asks for one only if it applies to your case. The money at stake is the penalty for filing late, which is exactly what filing on time avoids.
We read your visa sticker and tell you the exact deadline, 14 days, or before 180 days, so you never guess
We create your e-FRRO User ID and file the application for you and every dependant, on the current 2025 Act rules
We assemble the right documents for your city's FRRO and coordinate Form C with your landlord or hotel
We handle your biometric appointment logistics and chase the certificate so it lands on time, every time
FRRO registration · quick checklist
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Register on time and your stay in India is on solid legal footing, the penalties only bite the people who leave it late, and we make sure that is never you. We file the whole thing for you.
Where expertise meets empathy, supporting your move to India, every step of the way. Reflects the Immigration & Foreigners Act 2025 and 2026 FRRO practice; deadlines, documents and rules vary by visa and jurisdiction, your consultant confirms the current specifics for your case.